import tkinter as tk from tkinter import Canvas, Scale, Label, Frame, Button import math def create_earth_moon_sun_simulation(): """Create a simple, accurate Earth-Moon-Sun simulation using trigonometric orbits""" # Create main window root = tk.Tk() root.title("Solar System Orbital Mechanics - Earth, Moon, Mars & Moons") root.geometry("1200x800") root.configure(bg='black') # Create main frame main_frame = Frame(root, bg='black') main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) # Create canvas for simulation canvas = Canvas(main_frame, width=800, height=700, bg='black') canvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10, pady=10) # Create control panel control_frame = Frame(main_frame, bg='black', width=300) control_frame.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y, padx=10, pady=10) control_frame.pack_propagate(False) # Constants (scaled for visualization) AU = 200 # Earth-Sun distance in pixels earth_orbital_period = 365.25 # days moon_orbital_period = 27.3 # days moon_orbit_radius = AU * 0.08 # Moon-Earth distance in pixels (~16 pixels) # Mars system constants mars_orbital_period = 687.0 # days (Mars year) mars_distance = AU * 1.52 # Mars-Sun distance (1.52 AU) phobos_orbital_period = 0.32 # days (7.6 hours) deimos_orbital_period = 1.26 # days (30.3 hours) phobos_orbit_radius = AU * 0.02 # Phobos-Mars distance (~4 pixels) deimos_orbit_radius = AU * 0.035 # Deimos-Mars distance (~7 pixels) # Simulation parameters time_speed = tk.DoubleVar(value=2.0) # days per frame zoom = tk.DoubleVar(value=1.0) trail_length = tk.IntVar(value=500) # Storage for trails earth_trail = [] moon_trail = [] mars_trail = [] phobos_trail = [] deimos_trail = [] # Current time current_day = [0.0] # Use list to make it mutable paused = [False] # Visibility toggles show_earth = [True] show_moon = [True] show_earth_trail = [True] show_moon_trail = [True] show_mars = [True] show_phobos = [True] show_deimos = [True] show_mars_trail = [True] show_phobos_trail = [True] show_deimos_trail = [True] def create_slider(parent, label, variable, from_, to, resolution=0.1): frame = Frame(parent, bg='black') frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5) Label(frame, text=label, fg="white", bg="black", font=("Arial", 11, "bold")).pack() slider = Scale(frame, from_=from_, to=to, resolution=resolution, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, variable=variable, bg="gray20", fg="white", highlightbackground="black", length=250) slider.pack(fill=tk.X) return slider # Create controls Label(control_frame, text="Solar System Simulation", font=("Arial", 16, "bold"), fg="yellow", bg="black").pack(pady=10) create_slider(control_frame, "Time Speed (days/frame)", time_speed, 0.01, 10.0, 0.01) create_slider(control_frame, "Zoom Level", zoom, 0.3, 3.0, 0.1) create_slider(control_frame, "Trail Length", trail_length, 50, 1000, 50) # Information display info_frame = Frame(control_frame, bg='black') info_frame.pack(pady=20) day_label = Label(info_frame, text="Day: 0.0", fg="cyan", bg="black", font=("Arial", 12, "bold")) day_label.pack() year_label = Label(info_frame, text="Year: 0.0", fg="cyan", bg="black", font=("Arial", 12, "bold")) year_label.pack() moon_phase_label = Label(info_frame, text="Moon Orbits: 0.0", fg="cyan", bg="black", font=("Arial", 12, "bold")) moon_phase_label.pack() mars_year_label = Label(info_frame, text="Mars Year: 0.0", fg="orange", bg="black", font=("Arial", 12, "bold")) mars_year_label.pack() phobos_orbits_label = Label(info_frame, text="Phobos Orbits: 0.0", fg="goldenrod", bg="black", font=("Arial", 12, "bold")) phobos_orbits_label.pack() # Control buttons button_frame = Frame(control_frame, bg='black') button_frame.pack(pady=20) def reset_simulation(): current_day[0] = 0.0 earth_trail.clear() moon_trail.clear() mars_trail.clear() phobos_trail.clear() deimos_trail.clear() def toggle_pause(): paused[0] = not paused[0] pause_button.config(text="Resume" if paused[0] else "Pause") reset_button = Button(button_frame, text="Reset Simulation", command=reset_simulation, bg="orange", fg="black", font=("Arial", 12, "bold"), width=20) reset_button.pack(pady=5) pause_button = Button(button_frame, text="Pause", command=toggle_pause, bg="red", fg="white", font=("Arial", 12, "bold"), width=20) pause_button.pack(pady=5) # Visibility toggle functions def toggle_earth(): show_earth[0] = not show_earth[0] earth_button.config(text=f"Earth: {'ON' if show_earth[0] else 'OFF'}", bg="#4169e1" if show_earth[0] else "gray") def toggle_moon(): show_moon[0] = not show_moon[0] moon_button.config(text=f"Moon: {'ON' if show_moon[0] else 'OFF'}", bg="#c0c0c0" if show_moon[0] else "gray") def toggle_earth_trail(): show_earth_trail[0] = not show_earth_trail[0] earth_trail_button.config(text=f"Earth Trail: {'ON' if show_earth_trail[0] else 'OFF'}", bg="#1e90ff" if show_earth_trail[0] else "gray") def toggle_moon_trail(): show_moon_trail[0] = not show_moon_trail[0] moon_trail_button.config(text=f"Moon Trail: {'ON' if show_moon_trail[0] else 'OFF'}", bg="#ffffff" if show_moon_trail[0] else "gray") def toggle_mars(): show_mars[0] = not show_mars[0] mars_button.config(text=f"Mars: {'ON' if show_mars[0] else 'OFF'}", bg="#cd5c5c" if show_mars[0] else "gray") def toggle_phobos(): show_phobos[0] = not show_phobos[0] phobos_button.config(text=f"Phobos: {'ON' if show_phobos[0] else 'OFF'}", bg="#8b7355" if show_phobos[0] else "gray") def toggle_deimos(): show_deimos[0] = not show_deimos[0] deimos_button.config(text=f"Deimos: {'ON' if show_deimos[0] else 'OFF'}", bg="#696969" if show_deimos[0] else "gray") def toggle_mars_trail(): show_mars_trail[0] = not show_mars_trail[0] mars_trail_button.config(text=f"Mars Trail: {'ON' if show_mars_trail[0] else 'OFF'}", bg="#ff6347" if show_mars_trail[0] else "gray") def toggle_phobos_trail(): show_phobos_trail[0] = not show_phobos_trail[0] phobos_trail_button.config(text=f"Phobos Trail: {'ON' if show_phobos_trail[0] else 'OFF'}", bg="#daa520" if show_phobos_trail[0] else "gray") def toggle_deimos_trail(): show_deimos_trail[0] = not show_deimos_trail[0] deimos_trail_button.config(text=f"Deimos Trail: {'ON' if show_deimos_trail[0] else 'OFF'}", bg="#a9a9a9" if show_deimos_trail[0] else "gray") # Visibility toggle buttons visibility_frame = Frame(control_frame, bg='black') visibility_frame.pack(pady=10) Label(visibility_frame, text="Show/Hide Objects:", font=("Arial", 12, "bold"), fg="yellow", bg="black").pack(pady=(0,5)) earth_button = Button(visibility_frame, text="Earth: ON", command=toggle_earth, bg="#4169e1", fg="white", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), width=18) earth_button.pack(pady=2) moon_button = Button(visibility_frame, text="Moon: ON", command=toggle_moon, bg="#c0c0c0", fg="black", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), width=18) moon_button.pack(pady=2) earth_trail_button = Button(visibility_frame, text="Earth Trail: ON", command=toggle_earth_trail, bg="#1e90ff", fg="white", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), width=18) earth_trail_button.pack(pady=2) moon_trail_button = Button(visibility_frame, text="Moon Trail: ON", command=toggle_moon_trail, bg="#ffffff", fg="black", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), width=18) moon_trail_button.pack(pady=2) # Mars system buttons Label(visibility_frame, text="Mars System:", font=("Arial", 11, "bold"), fg="orange", bg="black").pack(pady=(10,5)) mars_button = Button(visibility_frame, text="Mars: ON", command=toggle_mars, bg="#cd5c5c", fg="white", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), width=18) mars_button.pack(pady=2) phobos_button = Button(visibility_frame, text="Phobos: ON", command=toggle_phobos, bg="#8b7355", fg="white", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), width=18) phobos_button.pack(pady=2) deimos_button = Button(visibility_frame, text="Deimos: ON", command=toggle_deimos, bg="#696969", fg="white", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), width=18) deimos_button.pack(pady=2) mars_trail_button = Button(visibility_frame, text="Mars Trail: ON", command=toggle_mars_trail, bg="#ff6347", fg="white", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), width=18) mars_trail_button.pack(pady=2) phobos_trail_button = Button(visibility_frame, text="Phobos Trail: ON", command=toggle_phobos_trail, bg="#daa520", fg="black", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), width=18) phobos_trail_button.pack(pady=2) deimos_trail_button = Button(visibility_frame, text="Deimos Trail: ON", command=toggle_deimos_trail, bg="#a9a9a9", fg="white", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), width=18) deimos_trail_button.pack(pady=2) # Instructions Label(control_frame, text="Orbital Mechanics:", font=("Arial", 14, "bold"), fg="yellow", bg="black").pack(pady=(20,5)) physics_info = """• Earth orbits Sun in 365.25 days • Moon orbits Earth in 27.3 days • Mars orbits Sun in 687 days (1.88 Earth years) • Phobos orbits Mars in 0.32 days (7.6 hours) • Deimos orbits Mars in 1.26 days (30.3 hours) • Simple trigonometric calculations • Mathematically accurate periods • Beautiful epicycloid patterns""" Label(control_frame, text=physics_info, font=("Arial", 10), fg="white", bg="black", justify=tk.LEFT).pack(pady=5) def calculate_positions(day): """Calculate positions of all celestial bodies using simple trigonometry""" # Earth position around Sun (circular orbit) earth_angle = 2 * math.pi * day / earth_orbital_period earth_x = AU * math.cos(earth_angle) earth_y = AU * math.sin(earth_angle) # Moon position relative to Earth (circular orbit) moon_angle = 2 * math.pi * day / moon_orbital_period moon_x_rel = moon_orbit_radius * math.cos(moon_angle) moon_y_rel = moon_orbit_radius * math.sin(moon_angle) # Moon absolute position (Earth + relative) moon_x = earth_x + moon_x_rel moon_y = earth_y + moon_y_rel # Mars position around Sun (circular orbit) mars_angle = 2 * math.pi * day / mars_orbital_period mars_x = mars_distance * math.cos(mars_angle) mars_y = mars_distance * math.sin(mars_angle) # Phobos position relative to Mars (circular orbit) phobos_angle = 2 * math.pi * day / phobos_orbital_period phobos_x_rel = phobos_orbit_radius * math.cos(phobos_angle) phobos_y_rel = phobos_orbit_radius * math.sin(phobos_angle) # Phobos absolute position (Mars + relative) phobos_x = mars_x + phobos_x_rel phobos_y = mars_y + phobos_y_rel # Deimos position relative to Mars (circular orbit) deimos_angle = 2 * math.pi * day / deimos_orbital_period deimos_x_rel = deimos_orbit_radius * math.cos(deimos_angle) deimos_y_rel = deimos_orbit_radius * math.sin(deimos_angle) # Deimos absolute position (Mars + relative) deimos_x = mars_x + deimos_x_rel deimos_y = mars_y + deimos_y_rel return earth_x, earth_y, moon_x, moon_y, mars_x, mars_y, phobos_x, phobos_y, deimos_x, deimos_y def draw_frame(): """Draw the current frame of the simulation""" if not paused[0]: current_day[0] += time_speed.get() canvas.delete("all") # Get canvas center and zoom center_x, center_y = 400, 350 scale = zoom.get() # Calculate current positions earth_x, earth_y, moon_x, moon_y, mars_x, mars_y, phobos_x, phobos_y, deimos_x, deimos_y = calculate_positions(current_day[0]) # Add to trails earth_trail.append((earth_x, earth_y)) moon_trail.append((moon_x, moon_y)) mars_trail.append((mars_x, mars_y)) phobos_trail.append((phobos_x, phobos_y)) deimos_trail.append((deimos_x, deimos_y)) # Limit trail lengths max_trail = trail_length.get() if len(earth_trail) > max_trail: earth_trail.pop(0) if len(moon_trail) > max_trail: moon_trail.pop(0) if len(mars_trail) > max_trail: mars_trail.pop(0) if len(phobos_trail) > max_trail: phobos_trail.pop(0) if len(deimos_trail) > max_trail: deimos_trail.pop(0) # Draw trails (only if enabled) if show_earth_trail[0] and len(earth_trail) > 1: for i in range(1, len(earth_trail)): fade = i / len(earth_trail) if fade > 0.3: # Only draw recent trail x1 = center_x + earth_trail[i-1][0] * scale y1 = center_y + earth_trail[i-1][1] * scale x2 = center_x + earth_trail[i][0] * scale y2 = center_y + earth_trail[i][1] * scale color = f"#{int(65*fade):02x}{int(105*fade):02x}{int(225*fade):02x}" canvas.create_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill=color, width=2) if show_moon_trail[0] and len(moon_trail) > 1: for i in range(1, len(moon_trail)): fade = i / len(moon_trail) if fade > 0.2: # Only draw recent trail x1 = center_x + moon_trail[i-1][0] * scale y1 = center_y + moon_trail[i-1][1] * scale x2 = center_x + moon_trail[i][0] * scale y2 = center_y + moon_trail[i][1] * scale color = f"#{int(192*fade):02x}{int(192*fade):02x}{int(192*fade):02x}" canvas.create_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill=color, width=1) # Draw Mars system trails if show_mars_trail[0] and len(mars_trail) > 1: for i in range(1, len(mars_trail)): fade = i / len(mars_trail) if fade > 0.3: # Only draw recent trail x1 = center_x + mars_trail[i-1][0] * scale y1 = center_y + mars_trail[i-1][1] * scale x2 = center_x + mars_trail[i][0] * scale y2 = center_y + mars_trail[i][1] * scale color = f"#{int(205*fade):02x}{int(92*fade):02x}{int(92*fade):02x}" canvas.create_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill=color, width=2) if show_phobos_trail[0] and len(phobos_trail) > 1: for i in range(1, len(phobos_trail)): fade = i / len(phobos_trail) if fade > 0.2: # Only draw recent trail x1 = center_x + phobos_trail[i-1][0] * scale y1 = center_y + phobos_trail[i-1][1] * scale x2 = center_x + phobos_trail[i][0] * scale y2 = center_y + phobos_trail[i][1] * scale color = f"#{int(218*fade):02x}{int(165*fade):02x}{int(32*fade):02x}" canvas.create_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill=color, width=1) if show_deimos_trail[0] and len(deimos_trail) > 1: for i in range(1, len(deimos_trail)): fade = i / len(deimos_trail) if fade > 0.2: # Only draw recent trail x1 = center_x + deimos_trail[i-1][0] * scale y1 = center_y + deimos_trail[i-1][1] * scale x2 = center_x + deimos_trail[i][0] * scale y2 = center_y + deimos_trail[i][1] * scale color = f"#{int(169*fade):02x}{int(169*fade):02x}{int(169*fade):02x}" canvas.create_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill=color, width=1) # Draw Sun at center sun_x = center_x sun_y = center_y canvas.create_oval(sun_x-15, sun_y-15, sun_x+15, sun_y+15, fill='#ffff00', outline='#ffaa00', width=2) canvas.create_text(sun_x, sun_y-25, text="Sun", fill="yellow", font=("Arial", 10, "bold")) # Draw Earth (only if enabled) if show_earth[0]: screen_earth_x = center_x + earth_x * scale screen_earth_y = center_y + earth_y * scale canvas.create_oval(screen_earth_x-8, screen_earth_y-8, screen_earth_x+8, screen_earth_y+8, fill='#4169e1', outline='#1e90ff', width=2) canvas.create_text(screen_earth_x, screen_earth_y-18, text="Earth", fill="lightblue", font=("Arial", 9, "bold")) # Draw Moon (only if enabled) if show_moon[0]: screen_moon_x = center_x + moon_x * scale screen_moon_y = center_y + moon_y * scale canvas.create_oval(screen_moon_x-4, screen_moon_y-4, screen_moon_x+4, screen_moon_y+4, fill='#c0c0c0', outline='#ffffff', width=1) canvas.create_text(screen_moon_x, screen_moon_y-12, text="Moon", fill="white", font=("Arial", 8, "bold")) # Draw Mars system (only if enabled) if show_mars[0]: screen_mars_x = center_x + mars_x * scale screen_mars_y = center_y + mars_y * scale canvas.create_oval(screen_mars_x-6, screen_mars_y-6, screen_mars_x+6, screen_mars_y+6, fill='#cd5c5c', outline='#ff6347', width=2) canvas.create_text(screen_mars_x, screen_mars_y-16, text="Mars", fill="orange", font=("Arial", 9, "bold")) if show_phobos[0]: screen_phobos_x = center_x + phobos_x * scale screen_phobos_y = center_y + phobos_y * scale canvas.create_oval(screen_phobos_x-2, screen_phobos_y-2, screen_phobos_x+2, screen_phobos_y+2, fill='#8b7355', outline='#daa520', width=1) canvas.create_text(screen_phobos_x, screen_phobos_y-10, text="Phobos", fill="goldenrod", font=("Arial", 7, "bold")) if show_deimos[0]: screen_deimos_x = center_x + deimos_x * scale screen_deimos_y = center_y + deimos_y * scale canvas.create_oval(screen_deimos_x-2, screen_deimos_y-2, screen_deimos_x+2, screen_deimos_y+2, fill='#696969', outline='#a9a9a9', width=1) canvas.create_text(screen_deimos_x, screen_deimos_y-10, text="Deimos", fill="lightgray", font=("Arial", 7, "bold")) # Update information years = current_day[0] / 365.25 moon_orbits = current_day[0] / moon_orbital_period mars_years = current_day[0] / mars_orbital_period phobos_orbits = current_day[0] / phobos_orbital_period day_label.config(text=f"Day: {current_day[0]:.1f}") year_label.config(text=f"Year: {years:.3f}") moon_phase_label.config(text=f"Moon Orbits: {moon_orbits:.1f}") mars_year_label.config(text=f"Mars Year: {mars_years:.3f}") phobos_orbits_label.config(text=f"Phobos Orbits: {phobos_orbits:.0f}") # Schedule next frame root.after(50, draw_frame) # Start animation draw_frame() root.mainloop() if __name__ == "__main__": print("Starting Solar System Orbital Mechanics Simulation...") print("Features Earth, Moon, Mars, Phobos, and Deimos with accurate orbital periods!") print("Use visibility controls to show/hide different celestial bodies and their trails.") create_earth_moon_sun_simulation()