Lesson 13: miniAuto Secondary Development

Programming Skills:

• • Understand and use custom Arduino libraries
• • Control RGB LEDs with button input
• • Program musical sequences with buzzers

Hardware Control:

• • Ultrasonic sensor library functions
• • FastLED library for RGB control
• • Tone library for music generation

🔗 Ultrasound Library Functions

The "Ultrasound" library manages the glowing ultrasonic module, allowing you to set RGB LED colors and retrieve distance measurements using I2C communication.

• Ultrasound::Color(r1, g1, b1, r2, g2, b2) - Controls RGB LED colors on left and right sides
• Ultrasound::GetDistance() - Returns measured distance from ultrasonic sensor
• I2C Communication - Uses wireWriteDataArray and wireReadDataArray functions

⚙️ Library Usage Example

Here's how to create an ultrasound object and use its functions:

🎮 Program Behavior

• Default State: RGB LED lights up red
• Button Pressed (KEY1): LED changes to white
• Button Released: LED returns to red
• FastLED Library: Used for precise color control

// RGB Control with Button Input
#include "FastLED.h"

const static uint8_t ledPin = 2;    // RGB LED pin
const static uint8_t keyPin = 3;    // Button pin
static CRGB rgbs[1];                // RGB LED object
bool keyState;                      // Button state detection

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);               // Initialize serial communication
  pinMode(keyPin, INPUT);           // Configure button as input
  FastLED.addLeds<WS2812, ledPin, GRB>(rgbs, 1);  // Initialize RGB LED
  Rgb_Show(255, 0, 0);              // Set initial color to red
}

void loop() {
  keyState = analogRead(keyPin);    // Read button state
  if(keyState) 
    Rgb_Show(255, 0, 0);            // Button released: red
  else 
    Rgb_Show(255, 255, 255);        // Button pressed: white
  delay(100);
}

// RGB Control Function
void Rgb_Show(uint8_t rValue, uint8_t gValue, uint8_t bValue) {
  rgbs[0].r = rValue;               // Set red value
  rgbs[0].g = gValue;               // Set green value  
  rgbs[0].b = bValue;               // Set blue value
  FastLED.show();                   // Display the color
}

🎵 Music Behavior

• Power On: Robot is ready, buzzer is silent
• KEY1 Button Pressed: Buzzer plays Super Mario melody (98 notes)
• Melody Features: Uses note arrays and timing for realistic music
• Tone Library: Controls frequency and duration of each note

🎬 Demo Video

Press KEY1 to play Super Mario theme song

/**
 * @file buzzer_test.ino
 * @brief 音乐播放(Play music)
 * @author Anonymity(Anonymity@hiwonder.com)
 * @version V1.0
 * @date 2024-04-23
 *
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2024
 *
 */

// Musical note frequencies (Hz) - Standard Arduino definitions
#define NOTE_C4   262
#define NOTE_D4   294
#define NOTE_DS4  311
#define NOTE_E3   165
#define NOTE_E4   330
#define NOTE_F4   349
#define NOTE_FS4  370
#define NOTE_G3   196
#define NOTE_G4   392
#define NOTE_GS3  208
#define NOTE_A3   220
#define NOTE_AS3  233
#define NOTE_B3   247
#define NOTE_C5   523

/* 超级玛丽(Super Mary) */
static int song[98] = {
  NOTE_E4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_G3,
  NOTE_C4, NOTE_G3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_B3, NOTE_AS3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_G3, NOTE_E4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_A3, NOTE_F4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_B3,
  NOTE_C4, NOTE_G3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_B3, NOTE_AS3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_G3, NOTE_E4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_A3, NOTE_F4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_B3,
  NOTE_G4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_GS3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_C4, NOTE_A3, NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_C5, NOTE_C5,
  NOTE_G4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_GS3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_C4, NOTE_A3, NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_C4,
  NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_A3, NOTE_G3, NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_E4,
  NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_A3, NOTE_G3
};

/* 节拍(rhythm) */
static int noteDurations[98] = {
  8,4,4,8,4,2,2,
  3,3,3,4,4,8,4,8,8,8,4,8,4,3,8,8,3,
  3,3,3,4,4,8,4,8,8,8,4,8,4,3,8,8,2,
  8,8,8,4,4,8,8,4,8,8,3,8,8,8,4,4,4,8,2,
  8,8,8,4,4,8,8,4,8,8,3,3,3,1,
  8,4,4,8,4,8,4,8,2,8,4,4,8,4,1,
  8,4,4,8,4,8,4,8,2
};

const static uint8_t buzzerPin = 3;    ///< 按键状态检测(detect button status)
const static uint8_t keyPin = A3;
bool keyState;                         ///< 按键状态检测(detect button status)
bool taskStart = 0;

void setup() {
  pinMode(keyPin, INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
  // 设置串行端口读取数据的超时时间(Set the timeout for serial port data reading)
  Serial.setTimeout(500);
}

void loop() {
  keyState = analogRead(keyPin);  //检测按键状态(detect button status)
  if (!keyState) taskStart = 1;
  if (taskStart)
  {
    tune_task();    // 播放音乐(Play music)
    taskStart = 0;
  }
}

void tune_task(void) {
  for (int thisNote = 0; thisNote < 98; thisNote++)
  {
    int noteDuration = 1000/noteDurations[thisNote];// 计算每个节拍的时间，以一个节拍一秒为例，四分之一拍就是1000/4毫秒，八分之一拍就是1000/8毫秒(Calculate the time for each beat, assuming one beat per second, a quarter note is 1000/4 milliseconds, and an eighth note is 1000/8 milliseconds)
    tone(buzzerPin, song[thisNote], noteDuration);
    int pauseBetweenNotes = noteDuration * 1.10; //每个音符间的停顿间隔，以该音符的130%为佳(The pause interval between each note, 130% of the duration of this note is recommended)
    delay(pauseBetweenNotes);
    noTone(buzzerPin);
  }
}